中国有稀有血型联盟，各地也有分会。下边是一则China daily （Shanghai）对上海市稀有血型联盟主席谢英峰的报道，全文地址链接，Blood, sweat and tears。本人全文中文翻译如下。希望对你有所帮助。
Xie Yingfeng, the head of Shanghai RH Union, talks about his passion and experiences in managing donation efforts for a very rare type of blood in China that only 3 out of 1,000 people have
谢英峰是上海RH阴性血型联盟的主席。 他向我们讲述了他为稀有血型群体进行血液捐助工作的激情和经历。 这一稀有血型在中国人群中占千分之三。
Having become jaded with the pursuit of material wealth, Xie Yingfeng recently quit his job as a construction materials salesman to focus on helping those who are in the same shoes as him.
由于对物质财富的追求产生了厌倦， 谢英峰最近辞掉了建筑材料销售的工作，从而更加专注于帮助和他处于相同处境的人。
The blood that courses through Xie's veins is Rh-negative. In China, only three out of every 1,000 people have such blood, which has been dubbed "panda blood" because of its rarity.
谢先生的血型为Rh阴性，在中国，仅仅有千分之三的人具有这一血型，正因为比较稀有，这种血型被称为“”熊猫血“。”
There are four blood types in humans: A, B, AB, and O. Each blood type also has a Rhesus factor which makes it either Rh positive (Rh+) or Rh negative (Rh-). Generally, Rh-negative patients can only receive Rh-negative blood. Rh-positive patients, on the other hand, can receive blood from Rh positive and Rh negative donors.
人群中一共有四种血型，分别为A， B, AB和O型。 在每种血型中，按照红细胞表面是否存在Rh因子 又分为Rh 阳性或者Rh阴性。 通常情况下，Rh阴性患者仅仅可以接受来自Rh阴性捐献者的血液。相反，Rh阳性患者可接受来自Rh阳性、或Rh阴性捐献者的血液。
According to Xie, many people do not know their blood factor until something unfortunate happens and they require a blood transfusion, which makes it more difficult to find a donor.
据谢先生介绍，很多人直到意外发生需要输血时，才知晓他们的血型，这给及时寻找合适的捐献者带来了困难。
The 38-year-old has for the past 12 years been a member of Shanghai RH Union, a non-profit organization comprising volunteers who all have this rare blood type. Every year, the organization helps around 40 people who require such blood during a medical emergency.
这位38岁的谢先生已经在上海RH阴性血型联盟做了12年。这是一个由具有这一稀有血型的志愿者组成的非盈利性组织。每年，该组织大约帮助40名左右需要输注该血型血液的患者。
Because the process of coordinating blood donations is a tedious one - he could receive as many as 200 phone calls a day from patients' families, fellow volunteers and blood donors - Xie decided to quit his full-time job to focus on helping others.
谢先生说，为Rh阴性患者联系血液捐献是一个非常耗时耗力的过程，他有时一天可以接到来自患者家庭及志愿者的近200多个电话。正因为此，他决定辞掉他目前的工作，全心全意帮助他人。
"It's hard for me to do a 9-5 office job as my phone is constantly ringing," said Xie, who is today the head of the Shanghai RH Union.
谢先生目前是上海稀有血型联盟的主席，他说，由于每天电话铃声不断，我很难专注于我的朝九晚五的办公室工作。
Xie is not being paid by the union and he currently has no concrete plans on how to put bread on the table, though he is considering selling food unique to his hometown in Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, on social media platforms.
谢先生在稀有血型联盟是无偿工作，目前他对如何获得收入来养家糊口还没有具体的计划。他初步考虑将在社交平台销售他的家乡新疆乌鲁木齐特色食物。
A chance discovery （一次意外的发现）
Xie first found out he has Rh-negative blood in 2005 when he and his wife went to a hospital in Urumqi for a pre-marital health check-up.
谢先生是2005年与妻子在乌鲁木齐一家医院进行婚前检查时得知他是Rh阴性血型的。
Upon receiving the results of his blood test, Xie realized a group of doctors and nurses were elbowing their way through the crowd to have a look at the report. The doctor told Xie to undergo another test.
他记得，拿到他的血液检查结果后，一群医生和护士簇拥到他跟前，要看检查结果。医生还告诉他要进行第二次检查。
When two blood tests showed the same findings, the doctor then suggested that Xie get a third opinion at the largest hospital in Xinjiang. The result was the same.
两次检查结果一模一样，他的医生让他去新疆最大的医院再次检查，结果与前相同。
Because Xie didn't have a computer at home, his wife looked up information about the blood type at her office.
当时谢先生家里并没有电脑，他的妻子就在办公室的电脑上查询了关于这一血型的相关信息。
"Take good care of yourself and don't get into fights. If you're injured, it's going to be difficult to find people to donate blood for you," was what Xie's wife jokingly told him.
了解相关信息后，他的妻子开玩笑道：你以后要好好注意，不要打架，如果你受伤了需要输血，很难找到人来帮助你。
Xie has never required a blood transfusion. Instead, he has since that day donated 10,000 cc of blood, more than twice the total amount in an adult.
谢先生并没有陷入过需要输血的困境。相反，他目前已经累计为他人无偿捐献10000毫升血液，这比一个成人体内血液总量的2倍还要多。
He made his first donation not long after he got married, heeding the call of a local newspaper to help a pregnant woman who was in critical condition during labor. Although more than 30 people came forward to help, Xie was the only suitable donor as they both have AB negative blood, a type so rare only 0.1 percent of Asians have it.
他在他结婚后不久就完成了他的第一次血液捐献。他从一个本地报纸了解到一个产妇在生产过程中出现紧急状况，需要输血。当时一共有超过30个人前来帮忙，只有谢先生是唯一合适的人选，因为他和那名产妇血型一致，均为AB型RH阴性血，这一血型在亚洲群体中仅占千分之一。
Eager to save a life, Xie rolled up his sleeves and told the nurse to "draw as much as you want". He was told that a person can only donate a maximum of 400 cc at one time.
谢先生非常想帮助这名产妇，他当时挽起他的衣袖，告诉护士，“你想抽多少就抽多少血”。护士告诉他每人每次最多仅可捐献400毫升血液。
"If I were not there, there would have been nobody who could help," said Xie, who added that it was this very incident that compelled him to do more to help others.
谢先生回忆道，“当时如果我不在场，就没有人可以帮助那名产妇了”。他还说正是那次事件，促使了他想要贡献更多来帮助他人。
He soon joined China Rh Union, a Beijing-based non-profit organization that currently has more than 50,000 Rh-negative blood donors. When he moved to Shanghai in 2007, Xie became the regional head of the city's union.
不久他便加入了中国稀有血型联盟，这一组织位于北京，是一个由超过50000 Rh阴性人群组成的非盈利性组织。谢先生2007年移居到上海，并成为了上海市稀有血型联盟的主席。
The role of regional heads is to collect information on patients who need rare blood, verify the information, disseminate the message to volunteers and look for donors. While many people are eager to help, not everyone is suitable, and it is up to Xie to find the eligible candidate.
这一组织的区域主管的职责是收集需要输血的稀有血型患者信息，对信息进行核实后，将信息告诉志愿者，以寻找核实的捐献者。尽管很多志愿者都非常乐意帮助，但并不是每个人的情况都适合捐献。谢先生的工作便是为患者找到合适的捐献者。
For example, a person cannot donate blood within a week after consuming medication. Women who are menstruating or are breastfeeding cannot do so either. In addition, people can only donate blood once every six months.
例如，一周内有过药物摄入史的志愿者不能捐献，处于月经期或哺乳期的女性不能捐献。而且，两次捐献间隔时长不得小于六个月。
Spreading the word（广而告之）
While details about the union can be found through online searches, Xie believes that only a minority of patients actually know about the organization. Furthermore, most people aren't sure of their blood factor. Tests for blood factor are only conducted during voluntary pre-marital checkups and pregnancy examinations in big cities and when people donate their blood or need a blood transfusion.
谢先生认为，尽管通过网络搜索可以找到稀有血型联盟的信息，只有很少部分患者知道这一组织。而且，很多人不知道他们的血型。血型检查只有在自愿的婚前检查，孕期检查，或者捐献血液或者需要输血时才会进行。
In order to grow the pool of blood donors, the union in China has raised nearly 100,000 yuan ($14,526) for a campaign - it will be launched later this year - to encourage Chinese to undergo medical tests to determine their blood types.
为了壮大志愿者队伍，中国稀有血型联盟已经筹集了近100,000元人民币，这些资金将用于今年的一项活动，旨在鼓励国人进行血型检测以便了解自己的血型。
"We are cooperating with two hospitals in Beijing and one in Langfang, Hebei province. We will be advertising to the public that we have 1,000 people who can perform the blood test for free," said Wang Yong, head of China Rh Union.
中国稀有血型联盟主席王勇（音译）说，“我们在和位于北京的两家医院和河北廊坊的一家医院开展合作，将向公众宣传我们有1000个免费血液检查的名额。”
The union will also be working to improve the processes at blood centers so as to ensure that donated blood is used efficiently. Wang, whose full-time job is a receptionist in a scenic spot in Beijing, explained that current regulations stipulate that blood has to be used within 35 days after it is drawn from a donor. If it isn't utilized, it has to be discarded.
这一组织也将开展工作来改善捐献的血液在血液中心的处理过程，以确保这些血液被有效利用。王先生是一个北京旅游景点的招待员。他解释道，目前规定捐献血液必须在35天内使用掉。否则， 血液将被丢弃掉。
"When donors see that their blood is not utilized after having spent so much effort to donate it, they may become less willingly to do so the second time round," said Wang.
王先生还说，当捐献者看到他们付出很大辛苦捐献出的血液并没有被利用之后，下次需要捐献时他们的热情将大大降低。
"Each time I see news coverage about people swarming to blood centers to donate blood after a disaster, I believe benevolence is never in shortage in the society. A better system for blood donation and management, however, is definitely needed," he added.
他还说，每次当我看到灾难发生时，很多人涌向血液中心献血的新闻报道，我就知道这个社会并不缺乏善意。这个社会需要的是更好的血液捐献及管理系统。
Dealing with dilemmas （两难的抉择）
Although the number of union members have grown over the years, Xie said that some have left after encountering incidents where they failed to save a life.
谢先生说，尽管联盟的成员在这几年有所增加，但是一些成员遭遇了失败的救助经历之后已经离开。
"People are very enthusiastic about helping others when they first join the union. But upon encountering failure, it's hard for some people to get back up," said Xie.
谢先生说，志愿者开始加入组织的时候，想帮助他人的热情非常高，但是遇到失败时，他们很难继续保持这种热情。
One such incident took place a few years ago. After being notified that a 7-year-old girl with leukemia was in need of Rh-negative blood, Xie immediately set out in search of a suitable donor. The person he found was on a business trip in Henan province and this individual had specially booked a flight back to Shanghai just to help. However, the girl died around the same time the donor arrived at the hospital.
这样的失败几年前有过一次。当时，谢先生收到消息称，一个7岁的白血病女孩需要输血，他迅速开始寻找合适的捐献者。他找到了一个志愿者，但是这名志愿者在河南出差。为了帮助小女孩，这名志愿者特地订了返回上海的机票。但是，这名女孩在志愿者到达医院的同时去世了。
"Many of the volunteers couldn't sleep that night. The person who flew back to rescue the girl even started blaming himself, saying that he should not even have gone on the business trip," said Xie.
谢先生说，那天晚上很多志愿者无法入眠。那名从河南飞回上海的志愿者甚至开始埋怨自己，说要是他当时不去出差就好了。
Xie said that some union members had left because they realized how lucrative donating blood can be. While there are laws that prohibit the sale of blood in China, illegal blood collection agencies still exist. Xie said that 400 cc of rare blood can fetch up to 20,000 yuan on the black market.
谢先生说，联盟的一些成员离开是因为他们意识到了捐献自己的血液可以获得极大的利益。尽管中国明令禁止贩卖血液，非法血液采集中心仍然存在。谢先生说在黑市，400毫升的熊猫血可以卖到20000元人民币。
The biggest challenge of the job, Xie said, is having to decide whether to organize a donation effort for someone with a low chance of survival. For instance, in May last year, the father of a 2-year-old boy who was suffering from kidney failure approached Xie to help find 3,000 cc of Rh-negative blood for the operation. As difficult as it was, Xie declined to help.
谢先生说，他的工作最大的挑战是，他必须决定是否应该为低生存率的患者寻求血液捐助。例如，去年5月份，一个患有肾衰竭的2岁男孩的父亲找到了他， 希望他能够帮忙联系到3000毫升Rh阴性血用于手术。由于这一求助很难实现，谢先生拒绝了。
"The hospital said that there was only a very small chance of success. In order to get 3,000 cc of blood, we needed to find eight donors. These donors might be able to save eight other patients who have a much better chance of survival," said Xie.
谢先生说，医院方面说这名男孩手术成功的概率很低。要获得3000毫升血液捐献，我们需要找到8名志愿者。这些志愿者或许可以帮助到其他8个有更高生存率的患者。
He later found out that the parents resorted to buying blood from illegal dealers. The boy, however, did not survive the operation.
他后来发现这对父母从不法分子那里买到了需要的血液。然而，他们的孩子还是没能从手术中存活下来。
"I face overwhelming pressure in such cases from the volunteers, the patients' family and my friends. But after all these years, I've become more rational, or perhaps you can even say numb. But the truth is that we can't always provide timely help to everyone," said Xie.
谢先生总结到，遇到这种案例时，我面临来自志愿者，患者家庭以及我的朋友的巨大压力，但是这么多年过去了，我变得更加理智，你或者也可以说麻木的。但事实真相是我们不能总是为每一个人提供及时的帮助。 |
